World Economy Changed - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1418 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Scenario of the world economy changed very rapidly after Second World War. In the post world war scene, United States of America emerged as a dominant economic power where as the United Kingdom and France lost their leading roles in economic activities. The pattern of economic growth also changed a lot in post war era. It was large corporations in USA, engaged in manufacturing activities, which contributed in generation of millions of stable jobs, especially in manufacturing space. These big corporations formed the center of fast and stable economic growth over the years. Economy of scale, division of labor, specialized jobs, and economic might of these corporations made these large establishments unbeatable for years. Rest of the world was just follower of this model of industrial growth of United States of America. In later half of the twentieth century Whole world seen the emergence and growth of these large industrial organizations. Few of these industrial est ablishments grew in size enormously and established their bases in multiple countries. (U.S. Department of State. 2009). This was a result of search for new markets and cheaper resources, so as to maximize the profits. These big corporations drove the American economy as well as world economy for whole later half of the twentieth century. But with the beginning of the twenty first century, scenario started changing and symptom also began to be visible for trouble for these large organizations. American corporations, which were mainly in the manufacturing domain, began to feel the heat of changing economic scenario in the wake of cheap labor availability in East Asian countries. (Ted Fishman. 2005). It also came to fore that owing to smaller size, newly emerging corporations of smaller size, worked with more dynamism and efficiency. Overheads of these smaller corporations were also less as compared to large organizations. Emergence of service sector as a full fleshed industry also co ntributed in changing service conditions, compensation methods and pension benefits. This led to changes in financial markets as well. All these factors led to a situation where established financial market, job market and investment and monetary scenario came under transition towards a new set up and became somewhat unstable in that process. Tremors of this instability are felt far and wide in every part of the world. Stock markets fell in almost every country amidst fear of mounting losses. Banks failed in many parts of the world resulting failure of insurance companies along with these. A scenario emerged in United States where industry shown a final decisive shift from manufacturing to services. It also established that era of stable long lasting jobs is over now. People have to cope up with fast changing service and retail industry, where average tenure for a job is comparatively less as compared to a manufacturing industry job. Size and dimensions of Global Financial Crisis were unprecedented and caused failure of many large establishments like banks, insurance companies, manufacturing establishments, severe crisis in stock markets and escalation in unemployment threatening instability to whole financial mechanism in few countries. Governments of few countries had to come out with huge financial assistance packages to finance markets so as to maintain stability and seize any industrial unrest as a result. Though it was a complex web of many factors which led to global financial crisis, but few important ones can be listed as following. Economy of United States of America shifted from being a manufacturing as base to service at focus. This resulted in restructuring or reshaping of established large corporations in few cases whereas failure of few in others. (Gerald F. Davis. 2009). This caused a panic in stock markets, where people invested heavily in these large corporations seeing their profits and growth in previous years. Shift from manufactu ring based economy to services based economy resulted in reducing availability of long term jobs as in service industry jobs average tenure for job remains substantially low as compared to manufacturing industry jobs. This resulted in newer set of service conditions emerging for labor markets. One of the primary results was portable pension. It was to facilitate the worker, who had to change job frequently on account of fast changing service industry where average tenure for a job was somewhere near 3 years in general. (Department of Agriculture. 2009). But portable pension, required professional pension fund managing companies. These companies operated in professionally and to get higher returns invested these funds in stock markets with higher returns. Formulation of multiple and sensitive nature products out of these pension funds, created chaos, once stock markets started u underperforming as these funds were actually not meant for short term investments. When these pension f unds came in stock markets through institutional investors, these created in new perspective for stock prices. Focus shifted from performance of the corporations in deciding the price of share. But in the race of profit maximizing, rates were decided not only company profitability but tradability of company shares. (Gerald F. Davis 2009). This was not a sound practice and it complicated the whole stock market scenario, once market started falling. Financial market underwent deregulation, which let to development of few tradable instruments. These financial instruments came in to existence by securitization of mortgages and credit card debt etc. Common man having property which can be mortgaged became issuer of financial instruments. (Gerald F. Davis. 2009). At the other hand same person became investor in other type of instruments. This led to emergence of a very complex system of financial market, which was not only unclear in totality but unstable also. Inflated cost of houses was taken as basis for securitization, leading to wrong valuation of resulting financial instruments. Businesses have become very dynamic in every sphere now days. Internet has changed the way business was done traditionally. Now companies based in California are outsourcing their jobs from a location thousands miles away in some other part of the world. Similarly a company generating services at one end of the world is selling it at other end of the world. So world economy has become more integrated in current times than ever before. It has created a scene, where economy of one country gets affected by happening in some other country. But even then some steps can be taken so as to minimize the resulting impact of such type of financial crisis in future. Financial markets must have strong regulation, where valuation of every financial instruments is done with due deliberations. There should not be scope of inflated valuation of securities by few stake holders for their benefit s. There should also be categorization of assets which can be used for securitization. For example credit card debt is not a credible asset which should be allowed to be converted in security. Pension funds management by private professional fund managers are reality in current times. Scope and dimensions of their operations are bound to increase in future. But there must be brought a very strong regulatory mechanism, which regulate operations of funds management with prudent norms in place. These fund managers should not be allowed to invest with just an eye on maximizing the wealth of investors, but should also look for stability of the operations. Lending operations of the banks and other financial institutions should also be kept under check. Subprime lending not only reduces the stability of the operations, but also put the financial system at risk of losses. So only credit worthy individuals or institutions should be allowed to raise debt and that even within prudent lendi ng norms. There must be check on the exposure limit of individual banks or other non banking financial institutions to any single business house or industrial segments. Today business world is fact changing. Any innovation in particular industrial segment may alter whole established scenario, causing losses to big corporations. In such cases, if financial institutions have large exposure to such industrial house or industry, it causes problem of stability. Some time losses may be in the tune of even causing failure of bank. To avoid such scenario, it is all the time better to take preventive step of putting ceiling caps on exposure of banking and non banking financial institutions to any single industry of industrial house. There must strict regulations so as to govern stock markets, so as institutional investors are not in a position to manipulate prices of the stocks to their benefit. It has been observed that in few countries, institutional investors have manipulated the st ock prices resulting in losses to general investor community, erasing confidence of investors in market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "World Economy Changed" essay for you Create order

Being a Successful Employee - 978 Words

Intrapersonal and interpersonal perceptions are vital to succeed at university and at work. They both work together in order to improve productivity in the work force. However this can only be achieved when the individual has a positive emotion and is ‘happy’ towards their negotiator (Govan, Neale Overback, 2010). Similarly, the intrapersonal perception that an individual has, impacts the job satisfaction of employees. Likewise, the intrapersonal and interpersonal perceptions influence the success of academic performance in university that contributes to later at work. An individuals interpersonal and intrapersonal perceptions are influenced by the emotions of the negotiators in the university or at work (Govan, Neale Overback, 2010). Intrapersonal is where an individual uses their own perspectives and experiences to succeed in their life. People with intrapersonal perceptions usually have a high internal locus of control. Interpersonal is others perception of oneself which is influenced by one’s intrapersonal perception. If a manager has a negative view on a situation this will lead the employers to also have a negative view and reaction (Govan, Neale Overback, 2010). As a result of this there is less productivity and success and it can even impact the way customers view the company. Due to the negative environment at work it can lead employees to higher absenteeism and turnover, which would be a waste of resources for the company. An angry manager will change theShow MoreRelatedBeing A Successful Employee : An Integrative Framework For T he Development Of Social Skills1394 Words   |  6 PagesThere are numerous skills that are required to be in one’s personality to be a successful employee. Social skill is one of the dominant enterprises that enhance career contentment. Primarily, social skill is interpersonal, which is mainly described as the mechanism of properly interacting with other individuals. 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Providing such an atmosphere and a place of retreat for their employees shows that Delta cares about the health and well being of their staff. According to Delta’s S.V.P Allison Ausband stated the following: making sure our employees are well taken care of and have the tools to look and perform their best is something we’re proud to do for our people. We know working at theRead MoreIntegrative Paper1526 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals. Organizational Behavior and Management concept and The Heart of Change gave indicators that where successful interpretation of one another perceptions. The two books where a complement to one another while establishing each other theories. Increase Urgency Increase urgency action is the first step presented in The Heart of Change book which presents eight steps for a successful large-scale transformation to create a sense of urgency that the change is necessary. Urgency helps motivate

New Belgium Brewing Marketing Strategy to Expand free essay sample

New entries to brewing have a relative ease in creating home micro-breweries, which is aided by the simplicity of the brewing process. Micro-breweries are measured as producing less than 15,000 barrels of beer per year with 75% or more of the beer sold off-site. However, in order to mass produce beers to competitive market levels, more expensive technologies are needed. This provides some protection to established firms in the industry. In addition, the expert knowledge of the brew-masters in the established firms takes years of hands-on experience to acquire, knowledge which is not readily available to most new entrants.The bargaining power in the industry belongs to the customers due to the variety of craft beers throughout the country and specialty, regional beers. Substitutes for beer include liquors, wines, sodas, teas, juices, and sports drinks. The wide variety of alternative options for consumers is a general threat to the brewing industry. Supplies are generally bought by brewers, with New Belgium providing an example by getting their raw malt materials from the United States and Canada, hops from the Pacific Northwest, and packaging material from Colorado. We will write a custom essay sample on New Belgium Brewing Marketing Strategy to Expand or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then the rivalries within the industry are pretty intense, with the three major players in the domestic market (Budweiser, Miller, Coors), mid-major players (Sam Adams New Belgium) and the craft/homemade breweries. At any level, a brewing company will have heated competition for consumers. The brewing industry remains to be an attractive industry for the owners to invest in because of the worldwide appeal of the product, the longevity of beer’s position as a beverage for humanity, and the United States’ cultural inclusion of beers.New Belgium has found a niche for higher-quality, craft brewing. In addition, the demand for these specially made craft brews have increased despite an overall decline in beer sales in the United States. Growth of the craft brewing industry in 2010 was 11% by volume and 12% by dollars compared to growth in 2009 of 7. 2% by volume and 10. 3% by dollars. Overall, U. S. beer sales were down an estimated 1. 0% by volume in 2010. New Belgium states that they opened distribution in six new states in 2009, and increased production by 15%, despite the declining economic climate.Thus craft brewers, like New Belgium, are a threat to the established powers of the beer industry, the Big Three (Bud, Coors, Miller). Craft Beer Sales Growth BEFORE 2010 New Belgium ought to be more aggressive in their desire for growth. The intense rivalry of specifically craft-breweries, not to mention the beer industry as a whole, demands aggressive growth policies. With the continued growth of craft breweries in the domestic market, New Belgium has the potential to gain market share with their mass-production capabilities already in place, and their niche as a specialty, craft beer.Particularly, they must be more aggressive in their marketing campaign. Facebook and Twitter are essential to any Internet advertising campaign for a company nowadays. New Belgium has been proficient in gaining attention through Facebook, as the numbers of â€Å"likes† for New Belgium Brewery’s Facebook has grown from 63,000 in 2010 to its current number of 179,714 (as of June 27, 2011). The brewery’s Twitter account currently has 27,415 followers, and then the company is following well over 15,000 of their customers and other businesses in the area.These connections give them a huge opportunity to communicate directly with consumers. In order to maximize this opportunity, they should promote their existing events like the Tour de Fat bike race and beer festivals across the country. New Belgium should also open a second brewery in the eastern half of the United States to accommodate more growth into uncharted territories. Putting the new brewery in an already established eastern market like Indiana would allow New Belgium to solidif y their hold on current markets while giving them the potential to grow into neighboring territories. Introduction to the Northeast is critically important because as of now they are ceding the whole region to rival competitors like Samuel Adams. The pluses to this second brewery include additional capacity for production of beers, wider reach of distribution, and ultimately higher sales due the territorial growth. The minuses include a possible loss of company culture at the new brewery due to its distance from Fort Collins. Another minus would be the loyalty current consumers have for regional craft beers already in the market. However these minuses can be addressed by implementing a couple different measures.First, in order to acquaint New Belgium products into new markets, the company should employ a specialized sales team that will go into local bars and pubs and buy New Belgium products for locals. This will begin the grassroots campaign which New Belgium has thrived upon throughout their history. In order to keep the company culture in the new eastern brewery, the co-founders Jeff and Kim Lebesch should be sent to head the new branch. Because the culture and values are already entrenched in the Colorado brewery, the New Belgium culture would be more easily maintained there without the founders being present.Then the founders could personally oversee the implementation of the culture in the new branch. The market positioning of a product is characterized by its pricing, quality, service, distribution, and packaging. For the Fat Tire Ale is the flagship beer of the New Belgium Brewery. It is priced competitively with other specialty beers in the industry, with a bottled 12-pack sold for $13. 99. This makes it less expensive than imported beers, but more expensive than mass-produced products of the Big Three. New Belgium considers it â€Å"one f the most affordable luxuries around†. This also implies that the quality of Fat Tire is superior to its competition. New Belgium assures the quality of its beers by using suppliers who meet their expectation according to the criteria of quality, sustainable practices of the company, supplier support and price. Having these expectations ensure that the highest quality materials are used to go into their brands, Fat Tire included. Service-wise, they do not ship beers to individual vendors, but only to distributors and retailers of beers.The sustainability practice of New Belgium illustrates how they serve their community and the environment, which then appeals to community-conscious consumers. In distribution, New Belgium currently supplies Fat Tire in 26 states as of 2010 and plan on expanding it into additional states in 2011. Consumers can access it from alcohol retailers, in local pubs and bars, or straight from the brewery in Fort Collins, Colorado. Fat Tire’s packaging is central to New Belgium’s marketing efforts, as the bike featured on Fat Tire bottles is now part of the official company logo.The bicycle image is meant to convey New Belgium’s â€Å"whimsical approach to business, the history of [the company’s] beginnings, and their emphasis on sustainability. † The design of the label on the beer gives a vintage and rustic look to Fat Tire, which appeals to its inspiration from the bike trails of Belgium. In addition, the bottles are all made in Colorado for New Belgium, which is in line with the company’s pledge to support the local community. One recommendation for the Fat Tire brand is to elevate its marketing to a mor e mainstream level. This would push Fat Tire from simply being a craft beer with a strong cult following, to a top-tier, household-name brand. This would entail more traditional marketing endeavors such television and magazine ads, as well as a greater Internet presence through advertisements. The advertisements would focus on the story behind the Fat Tire and its superior quality compared the mass-produced beers of the Big Three. The pluses to this sort of re-positioning would include initiating the marketing push into the mind of the average consumer, thus creating opportunity for similar growth with other brands.The minus to this would be if they miss the mark on their marketing campaign, then their loyal followers could be turned away from the Fat Tire brand, thinking that the company has lost touch with its roots. An interesting note would be the question of how competitors would react to a mainstream Fat Tire. Competitors could either anticipate a successful New Belgium launch and react accordingl y, or try to stomp out the mainstreaming efforts of New Belgium to keep them in their current place in the market. New Belgium appeals more to the consumer customer in their marketing focus.They list their core audience and target market as â€Å"craft beer drinkers†¦college educated, more affluent than the average beer drinker, and in their career years (30-50 years old). † Additional markets that New Belgium appeals to include â€Å"fans of Belgian style brews, folks who admire the Colorado lifestyle, and people with more socially aware buying habits. † In this, they can try to focus their marketing efforts towards these particular people then allow them to spread the word about New Belgium to other segments of the market.New Belgium’s transactional customers include smaller bars and pubs, and alcohol retailers within their distribution areas. Typically, New Belgium targets retailers who support the â€Å"slow food movement† and other sustainable practices in line with New Belgium ideals. The marketing program at New Belgium is currently based on mostly grassro ots efforts, with some additional online support through Facebook and Twitter. They generally do not advertise strongly in television or print media such as magazines as of now.They heavily promote company events, beer festivals and their annual Tour de Fat bicycle race. In order to become more competitive and stand out from the competition, they must more aggressively market their products to the consumer. We recommend that New Belgium host a second Tour de Fat bike race in the Eastern United States, where New Belgium has yet to expand to. The Appalachian Mountains provide a similar environmental backdrop to the race, which would be ideal in expanding the company’s sustainability principles to the new markets.The pluses to this include expansion into new markets and the continuation to spreading their core values and culture to communities in the area. The minus is the relative lack of brand recognition in the area, thus increasing the risk of an unsuccessful turn-out for the event. It would be interesting to see if the people of Appalachia are as environmentally conscious as those from the Rocky Mountain area where New Belgium comes from. In order to broaden the base and accessibility of the New Belgium brands, in is essential for marketing to play a greater role in the company than it currently does.This expansion would require television exposure, print advertisements in environmentally-conscious magazines, and expanded usage of the Facebook and Twitter platforms. In television, they reach many more target consumers. Their target consumers (ages 30-50) watch TV on average 4 hours in a 24 hour span, and having these advertisements would put their brands on the consumers’ minds. The magazine ads would be effective because they could pick and choose which magazines to place ads, which focuses on readers who are active and environmentally minded.Then the internet resources of Facebook and Twitter ought to include contests and giveaways for followers of Ne w Belgium. For instance, New Belgium could host a â€Å"Green Project Contest† in which Twitter followers can tweet green project ideas to support and maintain ecosystems, and then New Belgium would award the winner $10,000 to implement their project idea. This would both advertise New Belgium commitment to sustainability and boost the traffic to their Twitter page.The pluses of the television campaign include more exposure to consumers and additional legitimacy to their brand name. The repetition of the ads would also drive the brand name into the consciousness of the consumer mind. The minus of the television ads would the relative high costs of putting it on air as well as creating the commercial, which needs to coincide with the core values and ideals of the company. The pluses of the magazine are the choice of magazine in which to place ads as well as spreading the detailed imagery of the New Belgium brand.The minuses include a possible contradiction to the environmental ideals by using additional paper to promote their ‘sustainable’ measures. The pluses of the internet campaign include encouraging interaction with consumers to post or ‘tweet’ their experiences with New Belgium and their products. The Green Project Contest would add to their sustainability efforts while at the same time promoting the brand. The minus of these internet efforts would possible over-exposure to loyal followers and the uncontrollable variables of the internet.

Amara Holdings Limited

Question: Discuss about the Amara Holdings Limited. Answer: Introduction: The company owns hotels and the different others residential as well as the commercial properties throughout different parts of the Southeast Asia. One of its hotels in Saigon was sold in the year 2008 (Amaraholdings.com, 2016). The current trends throughout the market segments revealed that the demands of the properties are increasing in large numbers and the firm has the interest in two of the office buildings, five specialty restaurants, a shopping complex, three apartments and different residential properties.Moreover, the firm is looking forward to its expansion throughout different geographical areas with the help of developing and capturing new properties. The firm was incorporated in the year 1970 and traced its roots in the 1930s. Some of the top competitors of the firm are Keppel Corporation limited, Hotel properties limited and Wheelock properties limited. Company and industry analysis Sales have been considered to be one of the most crucial factors which help in the establishment of any of the firm concerned. There need to be effective strategies from the firm in order to entry into the new market segments for establishing its business processes (Ryz?ko, 2011). The pricing from the competitors and the selection of the geographical location for the development of the properties plays a major role in increasing the profitability in this particular industry. Therefore, Amara Holdings Limitedis planning to capture different locations in order to enhance the growth and the expansion of the business processes of the firm. References Amaraholdings.com. (2016).Amara Holdings. [online] Available at: https://www.amaraholdings.com/ [Accessed 13 Nov. 2016]. Ryzko, D. (2011).Emerging intelligent technologies in the industry. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer.